15. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE



Present perfect tense is one of the most important tense in English and present perfect tense is one very simple tenses in sentence structure or formation. However, most people are still confused about when we can use the present perfect tense.

Present perfect tense is used to:
1. Telling experience.
We can use the present perfect tense to recount experiences in our lives whether we've done or have not done. Consider the example below:
I have ever gone to Jakarta. = I've been to Jakarta.
She has not ever eaten pizza. = He had never eaten pizza.
We have ever climbed a mountain. = We've climbed the mountain.
In the sentences above, there is the word "ever / never". These characteristics present perfect tense sentences that are used to share the experience.

2. Stating the activities carried out in the past but until now we still do it.
Example:
I have lived in Edinburgh since 1980. = I've lived in Edinburgh since 1980.
He has slept for 2 hours = He had slept for two hours.
In the example sentence "I have lived in Edinburgh since 1980" states that the subject began living in Edinburgh since 1980, and until now the subject still lives in Edinburgh. This is what is meant by "Start doing in the past and is still done / doing activities."
In the example "He has slept for 2 hours" stated that the subject began to sleep two hours ago, and at the time the sentence is otherwisethe subject still sleeping.
Another example:
I have been a lawyer since 1998.
It states that the subject has to be a lawyer since 1998 and to this very day is still the subject of an attorney.
Simple present tense for the second function is usually often use the word "since or for".

3. To state the activities undertaken in the past and have done or not done anymore but still have an effect on the present or the present.
Example:
I have eaten. = I have eaten
In this sentence, the subject had finished eating but the subject is still feeling the effects of its activities "eaten / eating" is to feel full.
 
 Sentence Patterns
Sentence patterns present perfect tense is very simple. Using the "have / has" having the meaning of "is" and then use the verb participle forms to tiga/V3/past


Formula:

Positive / affirmative
I / you / we / they + have + V3
She / he / it + has + V3
John + has + v3
Shinta + has + V3
John and Shinta + have + V3

Examples:
I have written short stories since 1996.
They have ever made brownies.
Cyntia has never played soccer.
My mother has lived in America since 2010.
The cat has ever eaten pizza.
The cats have ever eaten pizza.

Negative :
Subject + have / has + not + past participle/v3

Examples:


I have not eaten.
She has not slept.
They have not got up.

Note: Keep in mind that in a negative sentence, the word "has not / hasn 't and have not / haven' t has the meaning of "not yet ".
The word "never" should not be used in negative sentences, but only in the positive only because the word "never" have had a negative meaning.
I have not never eaten pizza. (Wrong)
I have never eaten pizza. (Right)

Question/ Interrogative:

Have / has + subject + participle + V3/past?
Example:
Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Yes, I have / No, I have not
Has your mother got up? Yes, she has / No, she has not.
Have the students do their homework? Yes, they have / No, they have not.

What have you eaten? I have eaten watermelon
How long has your mother slept? She has slept for 4 hours.
How long have they lived in Edinburgh? They have lived in Edinburgh for 10 years.

Been

In the simple present tense we know there is, am and are. In the simple past tense and we knew there was were. At present we know of the perfect tense "been".
Been to 3/past participle is a form of is, am, are.

Is, am was been
Are were been

Examples  sentence:

I have been a teacher since 1995. (Present perfect tense).
Adela has been live in paris since 2011 (Present perfect tense).